The structure of a machining center
It has been more than 30 years since the advent of the machining center, and various types of machining centers have appeared in various countries around the world, although the shape and structure are not the same, but on the whole, it is mainly composed of the following parts, as shown in Figure 2-1-4. (1) The basic component is the basic structure of the machining center, which is composed of a bed, a column, a workbench and a slide, which mainly bear the static load of the machining center and the cutting load generated during machining, so it must have sufficient rigidity. These large parts, which can be iron castings or welded steel structural parts, are the largest and heaviest components in a machining center.
(2) Spindle components The spindle components are composed of parts such as headstock spindle motors, spindles and spindle bearings. The starting, stopping, and variable speed of the spindle are controlled by the numerical control system, and the cutting motion is participated in by the tool mounted on the spindle, which is the power output component of the machining. 3) The CNC part of the CNC machining center is composed of a CNC device, a programmable controller, a servo drive device and an operation panel. It is the control center for performing sequential control actions and completing the machining process.
(4) The automatic tool change system is composed of tool magazine, manipulator and other components, and the tool magazine is in the form of chain tool magazine and disc tool magazine. The automatic tool change system with manipulator is also divided into two types: knife number and knife bag number-one corresponding and random. When the tool needs to be changed, the CNC system issues an instruction, and the manipulator takes the tool out of the tool magazine and installs it into the spindle hole.
The automatic tool change system without a robot is divided into bucket hat type and chain type. The hat type has a simple structure, a long tool change time, and a capacity of about 20 knives; Chain type is mostly used in gantry machining centers.
(5) auxiliary devices include lubrication, cooling, chip removal, protection, hydraulic, pneumatic and detection systems and other parts, although these devices do not directly participate in the cutting movement, but play an important role in guaranteeing the machining efficiency, machining accuracy and reliability of the machining center, and are an indispensable part of the machining center.
